Interactivity

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Dragging

You can make a shape draggable by setting drag: true on a compatible shape:

ellipse({
  drag: true,
});

A shape can be marked as drag if:

• The shape type is circle, ellipse, rectangle, image, text, or equation, and
  • Both center[0] and center[1] are inputs
• The shape type is line and
  • All coordinates of start and end are inputs
• The shape type is polygon or polyline and
  • All coordinates of all points in points are inputs

The coordinates that must be inputs are exactly those that would be translated by dragging; if they weren’t inputs, there would be no value for Bloom to translate! This can be inconvenient, however. Imagine we have two squares that are always 50 pixels apart horizontally, but both should be draggable:

const s1 = rectangle({
  width: 25,
  height: 25,
  drag: true,
});

// not actually draggable!
const s2 = rectangle({
  width: 25,
  height: 25,
  center: [add(s1.center[0], 50), s1.center[1]],
  drag: true,
});

If you were to build this, you would find that s2 could not be dragged because of the call to add. An easy workaround is to make both centers have their own inputs (the default), and add optimizer constraints to maintain the 50 pixels separation:

const s1 = rectangle({
  width: 25,
  height: 25,
  drag: true,
});

const s2 = rectangle({
  width: 25,
  height: 25,
  drag: true,
});

ensure(constraints.equal(add(s1.center[0], 50), s2.center[0]));
ensure(constraints.equal(s1.center[1], s2.center[1]));

The bindToInput method creates syntactic sugar for this pattern. The following builds exactly the same diagram:

const s1 = rectangle({
  width: 25,
  height: 25,
  drag: true,
});

const s2 = rectangle({
  width: 25,
  height: 25,
  center: [bindToInput(add(s1.center[0], 50)), bindToInput(s1.center[1])],
  drag: true,
});

Drag Constraints

It’s common to want to constrain a draggable object to a subset of the canvas. Common examples include dragging a point along a line, or an object constrained within a box. Try dragging the point below around the circle:

Constraining each planet to their orbit is a fundamentally a different kind of constraint than the kinds we can give to the optimizer; where before we were only specifying what kinds of diagrams the optimizer should converge to, now we want to specify where the user is allowed to set a shape’s position. Additionally, when the user does drag their mouse outside of the legal region, we need some way to define where the shape should actually go—a kind of projection. Bloom allows you express both of these behaviors with a dragConstraint:

// calculate the center of the planet given the current "time"
const center = [
  mul(p.orbitalRad, cos(div(time, p.period))),
  mul(p.orbitalRad, sin(div(time, p.period))),
];

p.icon = circle({
  r: p.rad,
  fillColor: p.color,
  // to reiterate, just providing center here would prevent the planet from being draggable!
  // instead, we provide bindToInput(center[0]) and bindToInput(center[1]) to create
  // draggable inputs that are constrained to the calculated center
  center: [bindToInput(center[0]), bindToInput(center[1])],
  drag: true,
  dragConstraint: ([x, y]) => {
    const norm = Math.sqrt(x ** 2 + y ** 2);
    const targetNorm = p.orbitalRad;
    return [(x * targetNorm) / norm, (y * targetNorm) / norm];
  },
});

dragConstraint is a function mapping the mouse position to the desired position of the shape. In our case, whenever the length of the vector from the origin to the mouse is not equal to p.orbitalRad (i.e., we have dragged off the circle), we scale the vector from the origin to the mouse to give us a parallel point on the circle.

In a future update to Bloom, we plan to provide a library of common projections.